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hello and welcome everyone to the juno

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press briefing at the joint meeting of

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the division for planetary sciences and

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the european planetary science con

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congress at pasadena in california

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my name is shantanu naidu i'm the press

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officer of the division for planetary

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sciences

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today we have three speakers uh who will

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give us uh juno's mission status update

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and science uh result uh science updates

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on my left is david david sher deputy

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to his left is scott bolton juno

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principal investigator at the southwest

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to his left is candy hansen juno

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co-investigator at planetary science

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institute

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before we begin the presentations i

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would request everyone to silence their

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cell phones after all the presentations

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are done we'll take questions from those

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present here and

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members of the media on watching online

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and with that i'll pass it off to david

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good afternoon today we'll be updating

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the

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science and mission status from juno

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juno successfully arrived at jupiter

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july 4th of this year

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it's the

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second of our

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new frontiers missions new frontiers is

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our program that

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solicits

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pi led competitively awarded what we

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call uh medium class missions for

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planetary science

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uh the last 18 months have been very

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busy for the new frontiers program we

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have the first in our series new

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horizons

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flew by pluto july of last year and is

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on its way to a kuiper belt object for

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uh january 2019.

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the third mission that had been selected

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in this series was osiris-rex which

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launched successfully last month and

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it's on its way to bennu a near-earth

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asteroid will arrive in 2018 and

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ultimately bring back a sample

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and we've been talking about new

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frontiers for it's the next announcement

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of opportunity for this program will

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come out by the january time frame so in

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the last 18 months for a program that's

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been around for quite a while we're

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starting to get some science and you'll

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hear today about what juno has

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discovered

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we did notify late last week that we had

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postponed the period reduction maneuver

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that was planned for today and instead

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had replaced it with a science pass

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as of last evening 10 47 local time the

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spacecraft did go into safe mode so the

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science pass

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was not performed today all the

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instruments were turned off as part of

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the safe mode and scott will talk to you

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about the current status of the the

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spacecraft as well as the science that

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we've seen so far with that turn over to

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okay thanks uh

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i'm scott bolton the principal

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investigator for juno i'm gonna talk to

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you about a couple of different topics

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as you heard from from david the

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spacecraft went into safe mode last

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night

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uh so i'm going to address that

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and of course the the delay that we had

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um for our rocket firing which was

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originally planned

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and then i'll go in to the fun stuff the

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science and um so as we speak right now

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uh the spacecraft has just passed

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jupiter so we had a pair of job which is

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when you get really close to jupiter we

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get about 5 000 kilometers or about 3000

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miles

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away from its cloud tops

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and so

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within the last hour we've actually gone

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that close and and are starting to move

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away from the planet the spacecraft's in

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totally safe condition everything's

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working and functioning as normal right

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now as we pass that now what happened

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was is on the way in

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uh last night when we were still pretty

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far away from jupiter because we're

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moving really fast

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the spacecraft went into a safe mode

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what that means is that the spacecraft

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it's like a smart robot has a very

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smart computer on it

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detected a condition that was not

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expected it did exactly what

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it was supposed to do when it detects a

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condition that's not expected is it

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evaluates the situation and then takes

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an action in this case

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it turns off unnecessary uh

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subsystems it points itself and if not

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already pointed to point at the sun go

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power positive

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link up the communications to the earth

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and then wait uh for direction and for

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the humans back home to evaluate the

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situation and decide what the next uh

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forward step would be so it did exactly

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what it was supposed to do

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that software is called fault protection

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it's worked perfectly

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the the situation at this point is is

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where we just passed through jupiter and

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the impact was that we shut down our

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science instruments in order to make

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sure that nothing uh unnecessary was

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being done on the spacecraft as we went

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by jupiter

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so we went through another set of

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radiation belts and nothing else

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happened that we are aware of at this

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point

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now that was part of a plan uh

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prior that we were on this particular

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orbit we were going to fire our rocket

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motor we call it period reduction

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maneuver prm and what that was going to

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do was the same rocket that we used the

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droop at orbit insertion it was going to

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slow uh the orbit down even more as we

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passed by jupiter and change the orbit

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from being 53

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uh and a half days long to 14 days and

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then we would be going around jupiter

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every two weeks

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um and after when we were preparing for

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that

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we detected as we were pressurizing the

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propulsion system basically we were

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turning on the the getting ready to fire

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the rocket we noticed a different

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condition in the in the valves that

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actually open up

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and pressurize the system

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they behaved with a little bit of delay

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which meant maybe the valves were a

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little sticky we didn't want to take any

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chances that the some adverse type of

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condition would cause the the burn to go

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in a way that we didn't expect and so we

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decided to postpone and delay that burn

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and at that time we did it early enough

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that we were thinking that we would turn

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this flyby into a science pass and get

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some science of course the spacecraft

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safe mode

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condition eliminated the science but

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everything's okay and we retain the

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ability to do that rocket firing

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sometime in the future so we have a

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couple of tasks that we have to do one

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we have to go analyze and understand

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what just happened with the spacecraft

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safe mode entry and make sure that

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that's all working and understood and we

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also are going to go in and look at

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the valves and what was going on with

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the propulsion system basically it's a

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it's a every propulsion system on all

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spacecraft are have a fairly complex

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plumbing system you can think of it as

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just a plumbing system that's had a

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little bit of unexpected behavior to it

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so we will go in and analyze that and

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then once we figure that out we'll

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decide

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where to go next we're in no rush to

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make any of these changes

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fortunately the way we designed juno in

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the orbit that we went into

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um was very flexible it allows very

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flexible science so the the science that

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we get on juno all of the goals and

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objectives

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tied to the scientific investigation of

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juno

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are really related to the to the details

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right around pera jove so let me show

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you what that looks like so here's a

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figure of a perijove trajectory and you

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can see here's jupiter and the

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trajectory going by

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so these time ticks are about one hour

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so you can see it takes about two hours

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to go from the north pole to the south

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pole we're moving very very fast

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it's in that time frame where the

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critical science that juno obtains

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in order to accomplish its

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objectives that's where it's obtained

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and so

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the difference between that the

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trajectory i'm showing you here which is

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a 53-day orbit and if i were to show you

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the 14-day orbit it basically looks the

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same the difference is how far away you

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get from jupiter but the close-in

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geometry right around jupiter is almost

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identical

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so

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we can obtain all of the science goals

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of juno

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if even if we stay in a 53-day

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orbit

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each pass is has the same value that a

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14-day orbit would have passed we were

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changing to 14 days

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primarily

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because we were we wanted the science

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faster and but there was no requirement

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to do that

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so

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with that i'm going to go on to the

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science so keep this picture in mind

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because this is actually a picture from

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pj1 so this is the trajectory that we

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used

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back on august 27th

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and the science data that i'm going to

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describe to you today

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it comes from that day from primarily or

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that approach and and after

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and so this is what the trajectory looks

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like and you can see the orbits of two

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of jupiter's galilean moons here to

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guide you in how close we are to the

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planet so there's io and europa the two

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red circles and the inner gray one is

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thea which is a moon that's embedded in

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jupiter's radiation belts and so you can

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see that what we do is we come in from

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the north and we slide between the

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radiation belts on jupiter and out and

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that's basically the design and so where

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we are today is not much past where the

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spacecraft is shown on this trajectory

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right now we're basically in a gi in an

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orbit that's just where the blue

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spacecraft is just a little bit below

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what you see right now that's where we

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are right right this second

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okay so

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one of the investigations on jupiter is

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called the microwave radiometer we call

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it mwr for short

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it's actually six different instruments

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they're all microwave radiometers

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they're basically antennas that measure

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radio

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microwave regime

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and here you see on this particular

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graphic

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five of those antennas i show this to

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you so that you can understand that this

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instrument is not like what you might

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think of as a radio antenna they don't

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look like your directv dish antennas or

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even the deep space networks dish type

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antennas these are flat panels and each

283
00:10:48,710 --> 00:10:45,440
one is customized specifically to be

284
00:10:50,949 --> 00:10:48,720
used at jupiter for as part of this juno

285
00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:50,959
investigation here you see five of them

286
00:10:55,750 --> 00:10:53,120
each one is a different frequency or

287
00:10:57,750 --> 00:10:55,760
wavelength and the larger ones are the

288
00:10:59,990 --> 00:10:57,760
lower frequencies or longer wavelengths

289
00:11:01,590 --> 00:11:00,000
and then it gets progressively smaller

290
00:11:04,389 --> 00:11:01,600
and at the very top

291
00:11:06,150 --> 00:11:04,399
i'll show you here this is the horn so

292
00:11:07,750 --> 00:11:06,160
when i get to a high enough frequency it

293
00:11:10,230 --> 00:11:07,760
almost looks like a horn

294
00:11:11,670 --> 00:11:10,240
like i um like a musical instrument and

295
00:11:14,069 --> 00:11:11,680
then here's the next one and the next

296
00:11:16,630 --> 00:11:14,079
one bigger and they keep getting bigger

297
00:11:18,710 --> 00:11:16,640
and that's uh this instrument was

298
00:11:21,030 --> 00:11:18,720
basically invented for juno this is the

299
00:11:23,350 --> 00:11:21,040
first time this instrument has ever been

300
00:11:25,590 --> 00:11:23,360
used nobody's ever created an instrument

301
00:11:27,430 --> 00:11:25,600
like this and its primary objective is

302
00:11:28,630 --> 00:11:27,440
to look at jupiter's atmosphere and see

303
00:11:29,990 --> 00:11:28,640
beneath

304
00:11:32,069 --> 00:11:30,000
the clouds

305
00:11:33,269 --> 00:11:32,079
and that's what it's helping us see the

306
00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:33,279
invisible

307
00:11:37,670 --> 00:11:35,760
so on the other side of the spacecraft

308
00:11:39,110 --> 00:11:37,680
is the largest antenna the lowest

309
00:11:42,550 --> 00:11:39,120
frequency the thing that sees the

310
00:11:44,470 --> 00:11:42,560
deepest into jupiter and in fact this

311
00:11:47,910 --> 00:11:44,480
particular antenna is what drove the

312
00:11:50,310 --> 00:11:47,920
design of juno we wanted the largest

313
00:11:52,150 --> 00:11:50,320
antenna we could and so we designed this

314
00:11:55,110 --> 00:11:52,160
antenna and basically the spacecraft was

315
00:11:58,150 --> 00:11:55,120
built and designed around this this

316
00:11:59,430 --> 00:11:58,160
antenna shape and size

317
00:12:01,269 --> 00:11:59,440
and again

318
00:12:02,310 --> 00:12:01,279
even though it doesn't look like a radio

319
00:12:04,389 --> 00:12:02,320
antenna

320
00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:04,399
it is a very advanced one

321
00:12:08,710 --> 00:12:06,240
okay so

322
00:12:10,629 --> 00:12:08,720
this particular instrument gets to see

323
00:12:11,910 --> 00:12:10,639
beneath the clouds so if if we were

324
00:12:14,949 --> 00:12:11,920
flying

325
00:12:16,550 --> 00:12:14,959
by jupiter and you had x-ray vision you

326
00:12:18,069 --> 00:12:16,560
might be able to see beneath the zones

327
00:12:20,710 --> 00:12:18,079
and belts and the beautiful stripes that

328
00:12:23,190 --> 00:12:20,720
jupiter has and even see where how deep

329
00:12:24,389 --> 00:12:23,200
are the roots to the great red spot and

330
00:12:26,870 --> 00:12:24,399
things like that

331
00:12:29,430 --> 00:12:26,880
and so you can imagine if jupiter has

332
00:12:31,509 --> 00:12:29,440
different layers of its atmosphere as we

333
00:12:33,829 --> 00:12:31,519
uh go down it's a giant ball of gas and

334
00:12:35,910 --> 00:12:33,839
they have different layers as we go down

335
00:12:37,829 --> 00:12:35,920
into the atmosphere this instrument is

336
00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:37,839
capable of basically peeling those

337
00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:40,240
layers back as if jupiter was an onion

338
00:12:43,190 --> 00:12:42,000
right and i can peel off the layer of

339
00:12:45,350 --> 00:12:43,200
that

340
00:12:46,949 --> 00:12:45,360
one by one of the onion and see what

341
00:12:48,230 --> 00:12:46,959
it's like inside

342
00:12:49,750 --> 00:12:48,240
and so i'm going to show you for the

343
00:12:51,509 --> 00:12:49,760
first time

344
00:12:53,670 --> 00:12:51,519
an artist's conception

345
00:12:55,910 --> 00:12:53,680
based on our data

346
00:12:58,310 --> 00:12:55,920
to see what jupiter looks like

347
00:13:00,310 --> 00:12:58,320
underneath this came from the first the

348
00:13:02,389 --> 00:13:00,320
first and only past right now on on

349
00:13:04,629 --> 00:13:02,399
august 27th where we had this instrument

350
00:13:06,949 --> 00:13:04,639
on we will get many of these passes in

351
00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:06,959
the future but in the very first one you

352
00:13:10,389 --> 00:13:08,320
see

353
00:13:12,470 --> 00:13:10,399
okay so here's jupiter from a visible

354
00:13:15,430 --> 00:13:12,480
cloud the visible clouds that you would

355
00:13:17,590 --> 00:13:15,440
see from a normal color camera okay so

356
00:13:19,590 --> 00:13:17,600
this is what jupiter looks like to most

357
00:13:21,670 --> 00:13:19,600
of us it's all recognizable here's the

358
00:13:23,990 --> 00:13:21,680
great red spot okay so you see these

359
00:13:26,550 --> 00:13:24,000
zones and belts the orange and white and

360
00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:26,560
gray stripes and as you look down to the

361
00:13:30,069 --> 00:13:27,920
next level

362
00:13:32,629 --> 00:13:30,079
that's our first uh

363
00:13:34,870 --> 00:13:32,639
high frequency receiver and then each

364
00:13:36,710 --> 00:13:34,880
level goes to the longer and longer

365
00:13:39,110 --> 00:13:36,720
wavelengths until i see all the way down

366
00:13:40,629 --> 00:13:39,120
when i get down to the bottom here the

367
00:13:43,910 --> 00:13:40,639
lowest layer

368
00:13:46,069 --> 00:13:43,920
i'm looking about 350 to 400 kilometers

369
00:13:48,629 --> 00:13:46,079
into jupiter

370
00:13:51,110 --> 00:13:48,639
okay and what you've the first thing you

371
00:13:53,430 --> 00:13:51,120
can see from this is that the structure

372
00:13:55,269 --> 00:13:53,440
of the zones and belts

373
00:13:57,430 --> 00:13:55,279
still exists

374
00:13:59,269 --> 00:13:57,440
deep down in jupiter so whatever's

375
00:14:02,230 --> 00:13:59,279
making those colors whatever is making

376
00:14:04,629 --> 00:14:02,240
those stripes is still existing pretty

377
00:14:06,230 --> 00:14:04,639
far down into jupiter so that came as a

378
00:14:08,150 --> 00:14:06,240
surprise to many of the scientists we

379
00:14:10,790 --> 00:14:08,160
didn't know if this was very

380
00:14:13,189 --> 00:14:10,800
skin deep you know just a really thin

381
00:14:14,870 --> 00:14:13,199
layer or whether it goes down the other

382
00:14:17,030 --> 00:14:14,880
thing that was is surprising and very

383
00:14:19,350 --> 00:14:17,040
interesting about this is that while the

384
00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:19,360
zones and belts appear to exist deep

385
00:14:24,230 --> 00:14:21,600
down they're evolving they're not

386
00:14:26,550 --> 00:14:24,240
staying the same they're changing as we

387
00:14:27,990 --> 00:14:26,560
go down and you can see that by the fact

388
00:14:29,350 --> 00:14:28,000
that

389
00:14:31,829 --> 00:14:29,360
this one

390
00:14:33,829 --> 00:14:31,839
changes as we go down and actually it

391
00:14:35,750 --> 00:14:33,839
becomes less apparent way down but it

392
00:14:36,710 --> 00:14:35,760
still starts moving around some of this

393
00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:36,720
white

394
00:14:41,829 --> 00:14:39,120
is orangy down here and then this one

395
00:14:45,030 --> 00:14:41,839
seems to disappear and another belt goes

396
00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:45,040
down here so deep down jupiter is

397
00:14:49,430 --> 00:14:47,199
similar but also very different

398
00:14:50,629 --> 00:14:49,440
than what we see on the surface and this

399
00:14:52,470 --> 00:14:50,639
tells scientists and we're still

400
00:14:54,150 --> 00:14:52,480
evaluating this i can't tell you all of

401
00:14:55,350 --> 00:14:54,160
what this means yet because we're still

402
00:14:57,269 --> 00:14:55,360
interpreting it

403
00:14:59,590 --> 00:14:57,279
but what it's telling us is hints about

404
00:15:01,430 --> 00:14:59,600
the deep dynamics

405
00:15:03,189 --> 00:15:01,440
and the chemistry of jupiter's

406
00:15:06,150 --> 00:15:03,199
atmosphere and this is the first time

407
00:15:08,069 --> 00:15:06,160
we've seen any giant planet atmosphere

408
00:15:10,310 --> 00:15:08,079
underneath its layer so we're learning

409
00:15:12,949 --> 00:15:10,320
about atmospheric dynamics at a very

410
00:15:15,269 --> 00:15:12,959
basic rate and level

411
00:15:17,829 --> 00:15:15,279
okay i'd like to jump to another

412
00:15:20,550 --> 00:15:17,839
instrument which is the juno cam which

413
00:15:22,150 --> 00:15:20,560
is our visible camera and if it was used

414
00:15:23,590 --> 00:15:22,160
it would take a picture of jupiter that

415
00:15:25,350 --> 00:15:23,600
looks just like

416
00:15:27,990 --> 00:15:25,360
this

417
00:15:29,990 --> 00:15:28,000
except we used it when we went over the

418
00:15:32,310 --> 00:15:30,000
poll we we got some pictures like the

419
00:15:33,269 --> 00:15:32,320
other one as well but here's a the first

420
00:15:34,949 --> 00:15:33,279
picture

421
00:15:36,550 --> 00:15:34,959
of jupiter's polls that we took on

422
00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:36,560
august 27th

423
00:15:39,590 --> 00:15:37,920
and

424
00:15:41,910 --> 00:15:39,600
this was pretty remarkable because it

425
00:15:44,710 --> 00:15:41,920
told us right away

426
00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:44,720
some some things knew about jupiter's

427
00:15:49,030 --> 00:15:47,120
atmosphere and in particular the polar

428
00:15:50,710 --> 00:15:49,040
the first thing was is there was no

429
00:15:52,230 --> 00:15:50,720
hexagon shape

430
00:15:54,870 --> 00:15:52,240
like you see

431
00:15:56,790 --> 00:15:54,880
on saturn with cassini

432
00:15:58,710 --> 00:15:56,800
so we weren't really sure what the poles

433
00:16:01,110 --> 00:15:58,720
look like but you can see clearly

434
00:16:02,870 --> 00:16:01,120
there's no hexagonal shape of the storms

435
00:16:05,749 --> 00:16:02,880
the second is as you see many of these

436
00:16:06,829 --> 00:16:05,759
cyclones around some of them small

437
00:16:08,870 --> 00:16:06,839
moving very

438
00:16:11,030 --> 00:16:08,880
quickly these are

439
00:16:12,150 --> 00:16:11,040
these are things that are seen

440
00:16:15,030 --> 00:16:12,160
a little bit

441
00:16:16,870 --> 00:16:15,040
at the lower latitudes but not as many

442
00:16:17,670 --> 00:16:16,880
and the polls are are filled with these

443
00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:17,680
things

444
00:16:21,670 --> 00:16:19,920
and that was kind of a surprise and then

445
00:16:24,230 --> 00:16:21,680
lastly what i'm going to focus on right

446
00:16:26,150 --> 00:16:24,240
now is as we came across

447
00:16:28,310 --> 00:16:26,160
we're always flying over the terminator

448
00:16:30,629 --> 00:16:28,320
that's our orbit it's called dust dawn

449
00:16:32,550 --> 00:16:30,639
so we fly around the terminator which is

450
00:16:34,550 --> 00:16:32,560
where the sunlight

451
00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:34,560
stops right that's what this the shadow

452
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:37,440
is jupiter is always half lit

453
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:39,920
here to us so we're flying right across

454
00:16:42,550 --> 00:16:40,880
this

455
00:16:44,069 --> 00:16:42,560
and when we look down

456
00:16:46,790 --> 00:16:44,079
of course when you see something on the

457
00:16:48,150 --> 00:16:46,800
terminator you can see topology

458
00:16:50,629 --> 00:16:48,160
or you know

459
00:16:52,949 --> 00:16:50,639
you can see the 3d effects a little bit

460
00:16:54,069 --> 00:16:52,959
so when i give talks at schools you know

461
00:16:55,509 --> 00:16:54,079
kids are saying i got a pair of

462
00:16:57,269 --> 00:16:55,519
binoculars i have a telescope what

463
00:16:58,629 --> 00:16:57,279
should i look at i always say the first

464
00:17:00,790 --> 00:16:58,639
thing you should look at is look at the

465
00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:00,800
moon and look right at the line the

466
00:17:06,069 --> 00:17:04,000
terminator where the light and shade are

467
00:17:08,390 --> 00:17:06,079
because that's when you can see the

468
00:17:10,630 --> 00:17:08,400
craters and the moons you're seeing

469
00:17:12,230 --> 00:17:10,640
topology right you can see the the

470
00:17:14,549 --> 00:17:12,240
3d effects

471
00:17:17,110 --> 00:17:14,559
we're seeing for the first time the 3d

472
00:17:18,949 --> 00:17:17,120
effects of jupiter's atmosphere and i

473
00:17:20,630 --> 00:17:18,959
can show that to you

474
00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:20,640
and this came as a surprise to us as

475
00:17:24,549 --> 00:17:22,240
well right here

476
00:17:26,549 --> 00:17:24,559
this one cyclone

477
00:17:29,430 --> 00:17:26,559
shows shadows

478
00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:29,440
which right away told us this part of

479
00:17:34,789 --> 00:17:32,720
that storm system is elevated

480
00:17:36,230 --> 00:17:34,799
above jupiter's base

481
00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:36,240
atmosphere

482
00:17:39,110 --> 00:17:37,120
now

483
00:17:41,350 --> 00:17:39,120
if you were to ask me why didn't i think

484
00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:41,360
of that before i i would say i should

485
00:17:45,110 --> 00:17:43,280
have

486
00:17:46,390 --> 00:17:45,120
that the reality was if you think about

487
00:17:47,909 --> 00:17:46,400
it the earth's atmosphere is a little

488
00:17:49,669 --> 00:17:47,919
bit like that you go on an airplane you

489
00:17:51,909 --> 00:17:49,679
see different layers of clouds so

490
00:17:53,350 --> 00:17:51,919
jupiter must have had that but nobody

491
00:17:55,190 --> 00:17:53,360
had ever been able to see it before but

492
00:17:56,310 --> 00:17:55,200
you just had to get lucky and go of

493
00:17:58,710 --> 00:17:56,320
course we're going to go over the

494
00:18:00,630 --> 00:17:58,720
terminator many times and so we may see

495
00:18:02,870 --> 00:18:00,640
many examples of this in the future but

496
00:18:05,510 --> 00:18:02,880
on the very first pass we got lucky and

497
00:18:07,990 --> 00:18:05,520
we saw one the one of these cyclones has

498
00:18:10,230 --> 00:18:08,000
to be just in the right spot in order to

499
00:18:11,270 --> 00:18:10,240
see that shadow

500
00:18:12,789 --> 00:18:11,280
now when you

501
00:18:14,470 --> 00:18:12,799
here's a close-up

502
00:18:16,950 --> 00:18:14,480
of that shadow

503
00:18:19,510 --> 00:18:16,960
and you can start to see the shape

504
00:18:21,750 --> 00:18:19,520
and so what's amazing about this shadow

505
00:18:23,110 --> 00:18:21,760
is so we've done some calculations based

506
00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:23,120
on this first

507
00:18:25,750 --> 00:18:24,160
image

508
00:18:27,590 --> 00:18:25,760
and

509
00:18:30,710 --> 00:18:27,600
this this shadow

510
00:18:35,590 --> 00:18:30,720
or this i should say this cyclonic storm

511
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:35,600
is about 7 000 kilometers across

512
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:38,160
so that's more than half the size of the

513
00:18:41,430 --> 00:18:39,760
earth

514
00:18:44,150 --> 00:18:41,440
so this

515
00:18:46,549 --> 00:18:44,160
this storm is more than half the size of

516
00:18:48,630 --> 00:18:46,559
the earth and its elevation based on

517
00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:48,640
these on our estimate of this and

518
00:18:53,110 --> 00:18:50,480
looking at the the shadow and the rest

519
00:18:54,870 --> 00:18:53,120
of the geometry is that it's vertically

520
00:18:58,390 --> 00:18:54,880
towering up

521
00:19:00,549 --> 00:18:58,400
about 85 kilometers or more

522
00:19:01,750 --> 00:19:00,559
and so you can imagine

523
00:19:03,430 --> 00:19:01,760
um

524
00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:03,440
the kind of atmosphere you're dealing

525
00:19:06,950 --> 00:19:05,360
with if you were a jupiter and you're

526
00:19:09,110 --> 00:19:06,960
flying a plane

527
00:19:10,870 --> 00:19:09,120
through it or unlucky enough to be in a

528
00:19:14,150 --> 00:19:10,880
balloon and you're you're looking at a

529
00:19:16,390 --> 00:19:14,160
thunderstorm that's a or a tornado that

530
00:19:18,950 --> 00:19:16,400
is half the size of the earth and a

531
00:19:19,830 --> 00:19:18,960
hundred kilometers tall

532
00:19:23,430 --> 00:19:19,840
so

533
00:19:25,510 --> 00:19:23,440
it is a a truly towering beast

534
00:19:27,510 --> 00:19:25,520
of a storm probably the biggest thing

535
00:19:29,990 --> 00:19:27,520
we've ever seen

536
00:19:32,230 --> 00:19:30,000
and so this is what jupiter is really

537
00:19:33,590 --> 00:19:32,240
faced with now junocam

538
00:19:35,510 --> 00:19:33,600
the interesting one of the things that's

539
00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:35,520
interesting is junocam is an outreach

540
00:19:39,909 --> 00:19:37,360
camera we put it on in order to connect

541
00:19:43,350 --> 00:19:39,919
to the public but it clearly has science

542
00:19:45,830 --> 00:19:43,360
value and we're already reaping that

543
00:19:47,110 --> 00:19:45,840
but it is primarily aimed at reaching

544
00:19:49,750 --> 00:19:47,120
out to the public and allowing the

545
00:19:52,310 --> 00:19:49,760
public to get engaged and process their

546
00:19:54,390 --> 00:19:52,320
own images and get involved in science

547
00:19:57,110 --> 00:19:54,400
and also to do some artistic work with

548
00:19:59,590 --> 00:19:57,120
it and we've already gotten that you can

549
00:20:02,149 --> 00:19:59,600
go onto our website you can see posted

550
00:20:03,750 --> 00:20:02,159
images that are raw the public can

551
00:20:05,029 --> 00:20:03,760
process those

552
00:20:06,390 --> 00:20:05,039
post them

553
00:20:08,230 --> 00:20:06,400
sometimes they're scientifically

554
00:20:09,909 --> 00:20:08,240
interesting sometimes they just make a

555
00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:09,919
an artistic gesture

556
00:20:13,830 --> 00:20:11,440
and so

557
00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:13,840
i'd like to now turn to candy hanson

558
00:20:17,029 --> 00:20:15,520
who's going to tell you about that

559
00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:17,039
public

560
00:20:23,830 --> 00:20:19,360
camera and how it's working to touch the

561
00:20:28,870 --> 00:20:26,230
thank you scott

562
00:20:32,470 --> 00:20:28,880
so i'm going to be talking about junocam

563
00:20:33,590 --> 00:20:32,480
which is the camera shown right here

564
00:20:35,990 --> 00:20:33,600
and

565
00:20:39,029 --> 00:20:36,000
scott's vision back in the days when we

566
00:20:41,029 --> 00:20:39,039
were actually just writing the proposal

567
00:20:43,510 --> 00:20:41,039
was to find a way

568
00:20:47,190 --> 00:20:43,520
to involve the public in

569
00:20:50,310 --> 00:20:47,200
the the process of space exploration the

570
00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:50,320
good days and the more challenging days

571
00:20:54,950 --> 00:20:53,520
and to sort of live our lives with us

572
00:20:57,909 --> 00:20:54,960
and so

573
00:21:01,510 --> 00:20:57,919
what we decided was that we would

574
00:21:03,590 --> 00:21:01,520
involve the public in every aspect of

575
00:21:05,990 --> 00:21:03,600
what an imaging team

576
00:21:09,430 --> 00:21:06,000
would ordinarily be doing

577
00:21:11,029 --> 00:21:09,440
and so my first uh exhibit here is an

578
00:21:13,590 --> 00:21:11,039
image processed

579
00:21:16,390 --> 00:21:13,600
by one of our amateur community so let

580
00:21:17,990 --> 00:21:16,400
me tell you a little bit more about how

581
00:21:21,029 --> 00:21:18,000
we're doing this

582
00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:21,039
we have developed four ways for the

583
00:21:26,310 --> 00:21:23,600
public to engage

584
00:21:27,590 --> 00:21:26,320
with us in a participatory way not a

585
00:21:29,270 --> 00:21:27,600
passive way

586
00:21:32,630 --> 00:21:29,280
and so

587
00:21:35,669 --> 00:21:32,640
we have amateur astronomers uplinking

588
00:21:38,149 --> 00:21:35,679
uploading their telescopic images that

589
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:38,159
they're taking here on planet earth of

590
00:21:43,350 --> 00:21:40,720
jupiter that we can then use

591
00:21:44,630 --> 00:21:43,360
for planning purposes and the we in this

592
00:21:47,029 --> 00:21:44,640
case is

593
00:21:49,430 --> 00:21:47,039
the entire public not just

594
00:21:50,789 --> 00:21:49,440
the tiny little imaging team

595
00:21:53,669 --> 00:21:50,799
uh and then

596
00:21:55,750 --> 00:21:53,679
uh the discussion page is where we go to

597
00:21:56,870 --> 00:21:55,760
talk about the pros and cons and what's

598
00:21:58,549 --> 00:21:56,880
interesting

599
00:22:00,470 --> 00:21:58,559
of all these different atmospheric

600
00:22:02,470 --> 00:22:00,480
features

601
00:22:04,390 --> 00:22:02,480
we will have voting coming in the future

602
00:22:05,590 --> 00:22:04,400
it won't be november it'll probably be

603
00:22:07,110 --> 00:22:05,600
february

604
00:22:08,870 --> 00:22:07,120
maybe november

605
00:22:11,430 --> 00:22:08,880
and then but what i'm going to talk

606
00:22:12,789 --> 00:22:11,440
about today is the image processing

607
00:22:16,310 --> 00:22:12,799
piece of this

608
00:22:19,750 --> 00:22:16,320
and you you can see the url right there

609
00:22:22,549 --> 00:22:19,760
takes you right to this page

610
00:22:25,990 --> 00:22:22,559
what we are doing with our little ops

611
00:22:27,350 --> 00:22:26,000
team is we are staging the raw data from

612
00:22:30,470 --> 00:22:27,360
junocam

613
00:22:33,110 --> 00:22:30,480
so we get the data back in a series of

614
00:22:35,350 --> 00:22:33,120
strips and we put the little strips back

615
00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:35,360
together again into

616
00:22:41,270 --> 00:22:38,559
red green and blue and then we do a very

617
00:22:44,230 --> 00:22:41,280
preliminary color reconstruction that

618
00:22:47,350 --> 00:22:44,240
tends to have artifacts like the big

619
00:22:49,350 --> 00:22:47,360
slash you see in the picture above

620
00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:49,360
those are then

621
00:22:53,270 --> 00:22:52,000
anybody can download those images and

622
00:22:55,110 --> 00:22:53,280
they can do

623
00:22:57,270 --> 00:22:55,120
anything they want with them

624
00:23:00,390 --> 00:22:57,280
and so what i'm going to share with you

625
00:23:03,669 --> 00:23:00,400
are some of the really fabulous products

626
00:23:06,789 --> 00:23:03,679
that are show and and then we tell them

627
00:23:09,510 --> 00:23:06,799
please if you don't mind upload your

628
00:23:11,590 --> 00:23:09,520
contribution back onto the website for

629
00:23:13,669 --> 00:23:11,600
everyone to admire and learn from and

630
00:23:15,510 --> 00:23:13,679
and use um

631
00:23:17,510 --> 00:23:15,520
you know don't just stick it on your

632
00:23:18,549 --> 00:23:17,520
private facebook page we we all want to

633
00:23:19,590 --> 00:23:18,559
share

634
00:23:22,549 --> 00:23:19,600
and so

635
00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:22,559
uh here's a a beautiful

636
00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:24,400
contribution

637
00:23:31,270 --> 00:23:28,640
where you can see that the processing

638
00:23:33,830 --> 00:23:31,280
that this person has done has brought

639
00:23:35,510 --> 00:23:33,840
out detail in the cloud features

640
00:23:36,470 --> 00:23:35,520
all the way from the terminator the

641
00:23:38,310 --> 00:23:36,480
shadow

642
00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:38,320
out to the bright limb

643
00:23:42,549 --> 00:23:40,559
and that's actually

644
00:23:43,830 --> 00:23:42,559
pretty tricky to do

645
00:23:45,510 --> 00:23:43,840
but in

646
00:23:48,149 --> 00:23:45,520
in order to go a step further and help

647
00:23:51,029 --> 00:23:48,159
us really appreciate these features

648
00:23:53,590 --> 00:23:51,039
in the atmosphere he helpfully put boxes

649
00:23:56,789 --> 00:23:53,600
around them and enlarged them

650
00:23:59,510 --> 00:23:56,799
and so to really draw all of our eyes to

651
00:24:01,029 --> 00:23:59,520
these wonderful sort of pinwheel shaped

652
00:24:04,549 --> 00:24:01,039
storms

653
00:24:06,630 --> 00:24:04,559
that scott was just describing

654
00:24:08,630 --> 00:24:06,640
there's a particular community at

655
00:24:09,830 --> 00:24:08,640
unmanned space flight flight dot com

656
00:24:12,470 --> 00:24:09,840
that has been

657
00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:12,480
particularly engaged in all of this and

658
00:24:16,390 --> 00:24:14,080
incredibly helpful

659
00:24:19,590 --> 00:24:16,400
and one of their members actually

660
00:24:20,549 --> 00:24:19,600
annotated his contribution with how he

661
00:24:21,350 --> 00:24:20,559
did it

662
00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:21,360
so

663
00:24:24,549 --> 00:24:23,760
it's a community that's not only helping

664
00:24:26,630 --> 00:24:24,559
us

665
00:24:28,789 --> 00:24:26,640
but talking to each other and sharing

666
00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:28,799
tips and and

667
00:24:37,350 --> 00:24:34,710
i don't want you to try to read the fine

668
00:24:39,669 --> 00:24:37,360
print here what i want to uh the message

669
00:24:40,710 --> 00:24:39,679
i want to give with this particular

670
00:24:43,669 --> 00:24:40,720
choice

671
00:24:46,870 --> 00:24:43,679
is that we also have people jumping in

672
00:24:48,950 --> 00:24:46,880
to help us with the science analysis

673
00:24:51,110 --> 00:24:48,960
and so

674
00:24:53,430 --> 00:24:51,120
these are

675
00:24:56,070 --> 00:24:53,440
all junocam pictures

676
00:24:57,909 --> 00:24:56,080
but they've been labeled with features

677
00:25:00,070 --> 00:24:57,919
that have been followed

678
00:25:02,710 --> 00:25:00,080
from the ground over the years and i'll

679
00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:02,720
just take a second here to uh point out

680
00:25:07,909 --> 00:25:05,600
this uh here's that storm feature that

681
00:25:10,470 --> 00:25:07,919
scott was just talking about this

682
00:25:12,230 --> 00:25:10,480
particular uh the way this particular

683
00:25:13,430 --> 00:25:12,240
image was processed by this particular

684
00:25:15,510 --> 00:25:13,440
amateur

685
00:25:19,909 --> 00:25:15,520
brings it out very nicely right here on

686
00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:22,710
here's another example where

687
00:25:27,909 --> 00:25:25,200
features in the junocam

688
00:25:29,990 --> 00:25:27,919
close-up images have been correlated

689
00:25:32,870 --> 00:25:30,000
again with features seen in the

690
00:25:36,390 --> 00:25:32,880
ground-based data and that allows us to

691
00:25:37,990 --> 00:25:36,400
connect what we're seeing from our very

692
00:25:38,950 --> 00:25:38,000
different perspective

693
00:25:40,789 --> 00:25:38,960
to the

694
00:25:47,029 --> 00:25:40,799
historical record

695
00:25:52,789 --> 00:25:48,470
sometimes

696
00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:52,799
people have experimented with different

697
00:25:57,590 --> 00:25:55,360
color ratios and

698
00:26:00,230 --> 00:25:57,600
this happens to be just happens to be

699
00:26:03,190 --> 00:26:00,240
one of my particular favorites in in the

700
00:26:05,430 --> 00:26:03,200
color choice selection that this person

701
00:26:07,269 --> 00:26:05,440
made

702
00:26:09,669 --> 00:26:07,279
here's a fun one

703
00:26:11,110 --> 00:26:09,679
does everybody see the happy face

704
00:26:13,190 --> 00:26:11,120
the two eyes

705
00:26:16,149 --> 00:26:13,200
and the big smile

706
00:26:18,390 --> 00:26:16,159
this is a reflection basically this

707
00:26:19,269 --> 00:26:18,400
person mirrored the south pole

708
00:26:21,190 --> 00:26:19,279
image

709
00:26:27,750 --> 00:26:21,200
to get the um

710
00:26:36,549 --> 00:26:29,669
do you recognize this one van gogh's

711
00:26:40,789 --> 00:26:39,269
and this is um one of the newest

712
00:26:41,669 --> 00:26:40,799
contributions

713
00:26:44,310 --> 00:26:41,679
um

714
00:26:46,870 --> 00:26:44,320
one of the things right now is that

715
00:26:47,990 --> 00:26:46,880
jupiter is quite close to the sun

716
00:26:50,630 --> 00:26:48,000
and so

717
00:26:53,669 --> 00:26:50,640
from the earth right now

718
00:26:55,350 --> 00:26:53,679
we're not able to get images

719
00:26:57,590 --> 00:26:55,360
so we've been taking

720
00:26:58,789 --> 00:26:57,600
sort of low resolution images with

721
00:27:00,310 --> 00:26:58,799
junocam

722
00:27:03,909 --> 00:27:00,320
to fill in

723
00:27:04,950 --> 00:27:03,919
while the amateur astronomers cannot

724
00:27:07,110 --> 00:27:04,960
provide

725
00:27:10,950 --> 00:27:07,120
data from their own telescopes

726
00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:10,960
and so here's a nice cylindrical map

727
00:27:15,510 --> 00:27:13,360
that we are going to post in our

728
00:27:23,269 --> 00:27:15,520
discussion page

729
00:27:34,389 --> 00:27:24,630
and backwards

730
00:27:38,549 --> 00:27:36,789
uh so if you have any questions please

731
00:27:40,710 --> 00:27:38,559
raise your hand and when you get the

732
00:27:48,230 --> 00:27:40,720
microphone please identify yourself

733
00:27:52,230 --> 00:27:50,470
thanks alex woodsy with nature for scott

734
00:27:54,789 --> 00:27:52,240
could you talk a little bit about what

735
00:27:57,350 --> 00:27:54,799
happens if you stay in a 50-day orbit

736
00:27:59,750 --> 00:27:57,360
for some time what expendables are there

737
00:28:02,310 --> 00:27:59,760
on the spacecraft that would determine

738
00:28:04,710 --> 00:28:02,320
lifetime and or what does that say about

739
00:28:06,950 --> 00:28:04,720
radiation exposure if you're on this

740
00:28:08,070 --> 00:28:06,960
longer orbit is that more of a problem

741
00:28:10,470 --> 00:28:08,080
or not

742
00:28:13,269 --> 00:28:10,480
sure so um

743
00:28:15,110 --> 00:28:13,279
as far as the expendable go uh we don't

744
00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:15,120
know of any as far as the ex that the

745
00:28:19,590 --> 00:28:17,120
extra time would prevent prevent

746
00:28:23,110 --> 00:28:19,600
anything we can stay in the 53-day orbit

747
00:28:25,990 --> 00:28:23,120
and every subsystem can can survive that

748
00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:26,000
the extra time doesn't cause a problem

749
00:28:29,510 --> 00:28:27,600
the radiation

750
00:28:31,830 --> 00:28:29,520
also doesn't change because the

751
00:28:34,950 --> 00:28:31,840
radiation that juno gets is only around

752
00:28:38,149 --> 00:28:34,960
the closest approach and so it's mostly

753
00:28:40,070 --> 00:28:38,159
orbit driven so the number of orbits is

754
00:28:40,870 --> 00:28:40,080
what drives the radiation

755
00:28:42,950 --> 00:28:40,880
up

756
00:28:44,870 --> 00:28:42,960
and the evolution of the orbits which is

757
00:28:47,990 --> 00:28:44,880
also orbit driven and doesn't change a

758
00:28:50,789 --> 00:28:48,000
lot between the 14 and the 53 day orbit

759
00:28:52,630 --> 00:28:50,799
periods so the radiation dose per orbit

760
00:28:53,909 --> 00:28:52,640
will be about the same like it might be

761
00:28:56,549 --> 00:28:53,919
a little less

762
00:28:58,870 --> 00:28:56,559
in fact and the duration i don't think

763
00:29:02,230 --> 00:28:58,880
causes an issue so you can stay in the

764
00:29:03,909 --> 00:29:02,240
53-day orbits and continue to collect

765
00:29:05,669 --> 00:29:03,919
essentially almost identical science

766
00:29:07,669 --> 00:29:05,679
that you would have gotten on the 14-day

767
00:29:10,710 --> 00:29:07,679
with respect to our

768
00:29:12,950 --> 00:29:10,720
main science objectives and goals

769
00:29:14,630 --> 00:29:12,960
you do run into an issue over a long

770
00:29:16,470 --> 00:29:14,640
period of time if you just stay in there

771
00:29:18,470 --> 00:29:16,480
indefinitely

772
00:29:21,110 --> 00:29:18,480
because eventually jupiter will start

773
00:29:22,549 --> 00:29:21,120
will move around the sun and the orbit

774
00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:22,559
plane will stay

775
00:29:27,350 --> 00:29:25,440
roughly in the same orientation and so

776
00:29:29,590 --> 00:29:27,360
at some point and this is a few years

777
00:29:32,389 --> 00:29:29,600
away you will run into a place where you

778
00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:32,399
have a short eclipse of of maybe six

779
00:29:35,029 --> 00:29:34,320
hours or something we've been able to

780
00:29:37,029 --> 00:29:35,039
see

781
00:29:39,510 --> 00:29:37,039
so if you stayed in the 53-day orbit

782
00:29:41,909 --> 00:29:39,520
eventually you would go into

783
00:29:43,510 --> 00:29:41,919
the shadow of jupiter and we would have

784
00:29:54,549 --> 00:29:43,520
to

785
00:30:01,830 --> 00:29:54,559
haven't really looked at that particular

786
00:30:04,789 --> 00:30:03,070
hi calla

787
00:30:08,149 --> 00:30:04,799
cofieldwithspace.com i just want to

788
00:30:10,070 --> 00:30:08,159
clarify something about with the bands

789
00:30:11,750 --> 00:30:10,080
you said that they're

790
00:30:13,430 --> 00:30:11,760
similar but but there are also

791
00:30:16,710 --> 00:30:13,440
noticeable differences but just to

792
00:30:17,990 --> 00:30:16,720
clarify so far the team thinks that

793
00:30:19,669 --> 00:30:18,000
with those observations you can

794
00:30:22,630 --> 00:30:19,679
definitely say that those bands are

795
00:30:23,669 --> 00:30:22,640
being caused by something below

796
00:30:25,350 --> 00:30:23,679
that

797
00:30:27,669 --> 00:30:25,360
first layer of atmosphere i believe

798
00:30:28,950 --> 00:30:27,679
that's what you said

799
00:30:30,789 --> 00:30:28,960
i don't know if i said that they were

800
00:30:32,230 --> 00:30:30,799
caused by something below although it is

801
00:30:34,070 --> 00:30:32,240
telling us something about the deep

802
00:30:35,830 --> 00:30:34,080
dynamics

803
00:30:37,830 --> 00:30:35,840
i'm not sure i can say anything at this

804
00:30:40,230 --> 00:30:37,840
point about what causes those bands it

805
00:30:42,710 --> 00:30:40,240
may be chemistry or composition

806
00:30:46,549 --> 00:30:42,720
but whatever it is that's causing that

807
00:30:48,149 --> 00:30:46,559
is present at the deeper layers um and

808
00:30:51,269 --> 00:30:48,159
and although

809
00:30:53,750 --> 00:30:51,279
it's evolving so so you know whatever's

810
00:30:55,830 --> 00:30:53,760
tied to creating those bands is being

811
00:30:56,789 --> 00:30:55,840
twisted around by the dynamics to some

812
00:30:59,029 --> 00:30:56,799
extent

813
00:31:01,190 --> 00:30:59,039
and allowing those bands to move or

814
00:31:02,789 --> 00:31:01,200
change and evolve a little bit as we go

815
00:31:04,710 --> 00:31:02,799
down to deeper layers

816
00:31:06,310 --> 00:31:04,720
um i don't think it's i don't think i

817
00:31:07,909 --> 00:31:06,320
can say anything about

818
00:31:09,509 --> 00:31:07,919
whether the bands are created in those

819
00:31:11,269 --> 00:31:09,519
layers or somewhere deeper down and then

820
00:31:12,789 --> 00:31:11,279
transported up i mean that's something

821
00:31:16,149 --> 00:31:12,799
we may be able to investigate in the

822
00:31:16,159 --> 00:31:21,669
uh yes

823
00:31:26,470 --> 00:31:24,070
patrick so griffith observatory are

824
00:31:30,549 --> 00:31:26,480
there any plans to take images of

825
00:31:35,830 --> 00:31:32,950
yeah uh you want me to sure yeah uh the

826
00:31:38,470 --> 00:31:35,840
answer is yes uh we did actually take

827
00:31:39,669 --> 00:31:38,480
some pictures at perijove on the last

828
00:31:41,590 --> 00:31:39,679
flyby

829
00:31:43,509 --> 00:31:41,600
but what we found was that we had not

830
00:31:45,029 --> 00:31:43,519
set our exposure settings too long

831
00:31:47,509 --> 00:31:45,039
enough we're

832
00:31:49,350 --> 00:31:47,519
taking pictures of a cloud right near

833
00:31:51,430 --> 00:31:49,360
the shadow

834
00:31:53,669 --> 00:31:51,440
so

835
00:31:56,470 --> 00:31:53,679
in a lot of ways that was a test run for

836
00:31:59,269 --> 00:31:56,480
us pair job one and so now we know you

837
00:32:01,190 --> 00:31:59,279
know how much we have to boost our

838
00:32:03,350 --> 00:32:01,200
our exposure time

839
00:32:05,350 --> 00:32:03,360
so you know i i forgot to say something

840
00:32:08,389 --> 00:32:05,360
i want to add we took a real leap of

841
00:32:09,509 --> 00:32:08,399
faith with this um experiment with the

842
00:32:12,070 --> 00:32:09,519
public

843
00:32:14,789 --> 00:32:12,080
that people would actually

844
00:32:16,310 --> 00:32:14,799
think this was cool and and participate

845
00:32:17,990 --> 00:32:16,320
and um

846
00:32:18,789 --> 00:32:18,000
i'm really

847
00:32:20,950 --> 00:32:18,799
so

848
00:32:23,190 --> 00:32:20,960
pleased with the response that we've

849
00:32:26,149 --> 00:32:23,200
gotten i really feel like our leap of

850
00:32:28,149 --> 00:32:26,159
faith was justified

851
00:32:29,830 --> 00:32:28,159
yeah let me add something so that you

852
00:32:31,830 --> 00:32:29,840
understand uh

853
00:32:33,750 --> 00:32:31,840
so when we flew by for the first time

854
00:32:37,029 --> 00:32:33,760
with our science instruments on which

855
00:32:38,950 --> 00:32:37,039
was august 27th what we call pj-1

856
00:32:40,310 --> 00:32:38,960
prior to that we'd gone close to jupiter

857
00:32:41,990 --> 00:32:40,320
but everything was turned off because we

858
00:32:43,909 --> 00:32:42,000
were getting into orbit right we did an

859
00:32:47,830 --> 00:32:43,919
orbit insertion burn

860
00:32:49,669 --> 00:32:47,840
so the first flyby on august 27th was

861
00:32:51,190 --> 00:32:49,679
not really part of the science mission

862
00:32:53,590 --> 00:32:51,200
we had all the science instruments on

863
00:32:55,509 --> 00:32:53,600
but we wanted to do was test them

864
00:32:58,070 --> 00:32:55,519
calibrate them make sure we understand

865
00:33:00,789 --> 00:32:58,080
how they work close to jupiter

866
00:33:03,110 --> 00:33:00,799
and originally this flyby that was

867
00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:03,120
happened that happens today

868
00:33:07,430 --> 00:33:04,559
was designed to actually change the

869
00:33:09,029 --> 00:33:07,440
orbit and when we opted to go ahead and

870
00:33:11,669 --> 00:33:09,039
put on these science instruments it was

871
00:33:14,710 --> 00:33:11,679
still sort of to just get extra science

872
00:33:17,750 --> 00:33:14,720
our overall plan

873
00:33:20,310 --> 00:33:17,760
didn't really start the primary mapping

874
00:33:22,470 --> 00:33:20,320
phase and data collection that goes into

875
00:33:25,509 --> 00:33:22,480
the gathering the science objectives

876
00:33:28,630 --> 00:33:25,519
until the fourth flyby which it wasn't

877
00:33:29,830 --> 00:33:28,640
scheduled for until another month or so

878
00:33:32,789 --> 00:33:29,840
and so

879
00:33:34,789 --> 00:33:32,799
the data that we collected on pj1 as

880
00:33:36,549 --> 00:33:34,799
candy pointed out was really a test case

881
00:33:39,350 --> 00:33:36,559
we were using that

882
00:33:41,269 --> 00:33:39,360
time to test out exposure rates for the

883
00:33:43,190 --> 00:33:41,279
cameras what are the right ones to use

884
00:33:45,110 --> 00:33:43,200
we've never been this close to jupiter

885
00:33:47,110 --> 00:33:45,120
and all of the instruments had some

886
00:33:49,190 --> 00:33:47,120
aspect like that

887
00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:49,200
obviously most of them got great science

888
00:33:53,029 --> 00:33:51,039
you saw these incredible images that we

889
00:33:56,470 --> 00:33:53,039
got i just showed you the microwave data

890
00:33:57,190 --> 00:33:56,480
that each data set is remarkably uh you

891
00:33:59,750 --> 00:33:57,200
know

892
00:34:01,909 --> 00:33:59,760
unique and discovery like we are seeing

893
00:34:03,750 --> 00:34:01,919
things that we didn't expect

894
00:34:06,870 --> 00:34:03,760
across the board

895
00:34:09,109 --> 00:34:06,880
the magnetic field the aurora the

896
00:34:09,909 --> 00:34:09,119
vis the gravity field every one of them

897
00:34:12,869 --> 00:34:09,919
have

898
00:34:14,470 --> 00:34:12,879
produced outstanding new science results

899
00:34:16,230 --> 00:34:14,480
but this all came somewhat

900
00:34:18,389 --> 00:34:16,240
serendipitously because we were this was

901
00:34:19,990 --> 00:34:18,399
really a calibration flyby

902
00:34:21,909 --> 00:34:20,000
so we haven't even really started the

903
00:34:23,750 --> 00:34:21,919
main science so there's a lot more to

904
00:34:27,990 --> 00:34:23,760
come

905
00:34:31,990 --> 00:34:29,510
emily lochtawa with the planetary

906
00:34:34,230 --> 00:34:32,000
society can you talk anything more about

907
00:34:36,470 --> 00:34:34,240
what the spacecraft reported that caused

908
00:34:38,710 --> 00:34:36,480
it to enter the safe mode and then can

909
00:34:40,470 --> 00:34:38,720
you say anything about the results on

910
00:34:41,829 --> 00:34:40,480
any science results on magnetic field or

911
00:34:43,750 --> 00:34:41,839
aurora that you've gotten from the first

912
00:34:44,950 --> 00:34:43,760
flyby

913
00:34:45,909 --> 00:34:44,960
um

914
00:34:48,470 --> 00:34:45,919
so

915
00:34:49,909 --> 00:34:48,480
the data is still being looked at and

916
00:34:51,510 --> 00:34:49,919
trying to be understood so i can't

917
00:34:53,349 --> 00:34:51,520
really uh

918
00:34:55,589 --> 00:34:53,359
even take a good educated guess as to

919
00:34:56,950 --> 00:34:55,599
what caused it yet i mean we've we're

920
00:34:58,710 --> 00:34:56,960
we've been able to

921
00:35:01,030 --> 00:34:58,720
make sure the spacecraft was safe we've

922
00:35:03,270 --> 00:35:01,040
changed the data rates to a higher rate

923
00:35:06,230 --> 00:35:03,280
so that we can get the data down and

924
00:35:08,870 --> 00:35:06,240
analyze it but i think it's too early to

925
00:35:10,870 --> 00:35:08,880
take a guess as to what caused it

926
00:35:12,950 --> 00:35:10,880
it did happen pretty far away from

927
00:35:15,349 --> 00:35:12,960
jupiter and so

928
00:35:17,030 --> 00:35:15,359
you know my my instinct is is that it

929
00:35:20,150 --> 00:35:17,040
may not been tied to the intense

930
00:35:21,670 --> 00:35:20,160
radiation belts that we're so fearful of

931
00:35:23,190 --> 00:35:21,680
um that doesn't mean that there isn't

932
00:35:25,030 --> 00:35:23,200
something else in jupiter's environment

933
00:35:27,190 --> 00:35:25,040
that may have caused it there's a lot

934
00:35:30,630 --> 00:35:27,200
there even if you're far away

935
00:35:33,349 --> 00:35:30,640
um now as far as the science results um

936
00:35:36,069 --> 00:35:33,359
we're still uh analyzing a lot of the

937
00:35:38,310 --> 00:35:36,079
stuff was uh was brand new and discovery

938
00:35:40,230 --> 00:35:38,320
like from august 27th

939
00:35:42,790 --> 00:35:40,240
we saw some stuff on the aurora we

940
00:35:45,109 --> 00:35:42,800
released an infrared image that was

941
00:35:47,349 --> 00:35:45,119
pretty remarkable i'll show that again

942
00:35:49,190 --> 00:35:47,359
at the talk later today

943
00:35:51,829 --> 00:35:49,200
but we're still analyzing what all that

944
00:35:54,069 --> 00:35:51,839
means as far as the magnetic field it

945
00:35:56,630 --> 00:35:54,079
also when we got really close we saw

946
00:35:57,990 --> 00:35:56,640
that the magnetic field was stronger and

947
00:35:59,349 --> 00:35:58,000
which means it's a little different than

948
00:36:01,190 --> 00:35:59,359
we expected

949
00:36:03,430 --> 00:36:01,200
but we're still analyzing what that all

950
00:36:05,270 --> 00:36:03,440
means and you may need more flybys to

951
00:36:06,950 --> 00:36:05,280
fully sort that out

952
00:36:09,910 --> 00:36:06,960
so there are some great discoveries

953
00:36:12,310 --> 00:36:09,920
coming um but we're not quite ready to

954
00:36:14,069 --> 00:36:12,320
tell you uh what the interpretation is

955
00:36:15,109 --> 00:36:14,079
because we're it's sort of work in

956
00:36:17,990 --> 00:36:15,119
progress

957
00:36:21,829 --> 00:36:18,000
we are aiming toward um

958
00:36:24,550 --> 00:36:21,839
talks at the agu a few months from now

959
00:36:26,390 --> 00:36:24,560
and the first science papers and so we

960
00:36:28,710 --> 00:36:26,400
hope that we'll have more of

961
00:36:31,990 --> 00:36:28,720
this data interpreted and presented

962
00:36:35,670 --> 00:36:32,870
uh

963
00:36:37,990 --> 00:36:35,680
rick do we have any questions online

964
00:36:39,430 --> 00:36:38,000
yes we have quite a few i apologize if

965
00:36:41,589 --> 00:36:39,440
some of these overlap with some of the

966
00:36:43,990 --> 00:36:41,599
other ones there's such a stream of text

967
00:36:45,670 --> 00:36:44,000
here that it's hard to sort it all out

968
00:36:48,390 --> 00:36:45,680
this first set of questions comes from

969
00:36:50,870 --> 00:36:48,400
dave mosher from business insider

970
00:36:52,310 --> 00:36:50,880
um well actually he just asked what what

971
00:36:53,910 --> 00:36:52,320
do you think caused the safe mode but

972
00:36:55,589 --> 00:36:53,920
that's been answered so

973
00:36:58,630 --> 00:36:55,599
how long might the mission have to be

974
00:37:01,190 --> 00:36:58,640
extended if the mission or if the engine

975
00:37:03,349 --> 00:37:01,200
is never fired and the spacecraft is

976
00:37:05,109 --> 00:37:03,359
stuck in 53-day orbits

977
00:37:06,950 --> 00:37:05,119
are you guaranteed some minimum number

978
00:37:09,910 --> 00:37:06,960
of passes or would you are you

979
00:37:10,870 --> 00:37:09,920
guaranteed an extension or not

980
00:37:12,870 --> 00:37:10,880
well

981
00:37:16,150 --> 00:37:12,880
we know

982
00:37:17,990 --> 00:37:16,160
we can stay in that 53-day orbit

983
00:37:20,790 --> 00:37:18,000
as far as safety goes

984
00:37:24,310 --> 00:37:20,800
we do run into the eclipses eventually

985
00:37:27,430 --> 00:37:24,320
and those are i think in the um

986
00:37:29,510 --> 00:37:27,440
the middle of 2019 and so

987
00:37:32,710 --> 00:37:29,520
we can get um

988
00:37:35,109 --> 00:37:32,720
i don't think that happens until like 20

989
00:37:37,270 --> 00:37:35,119
53 day orbit so you get a lot of orbits

990
00:37:39,510 --> 00:37:37,280
and you have a lot of time to to study

991
00:37:41,750 --> 00:37:39,520
the rocket motor or decide if there's a

992
00:37:43,430 --> 00:37:41,760
way to get around the eclipses

993
00:37:47,190 --> 00:37:43,440
and you can accomplish an incredible

994
00:37:52,230 --> 00:37:49,589
a related question from maddie stone of

995
00:37:55,829 --> 00:37:52,240
gizmodo is

996
00:37:57,750 --> 00:37:55,839
how long do you have to decide uh or how

997
00:37:59,670 --> 00:37:57,760
late can you decide when to switch to a

998
00:38:01,430 --> 00:37:59,680
14-day orbit or is there some point in

999
00:38:04,870 --> 00:38:01,440
the mission where you just kind of have

1000
00:38:07,589 --> 00:38:04,880
to stay in the longer orbit there's no

1001
00:38:10,150 --> 00:38:07,599
specific time that uh where you run out

1002
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:10,160
and you can't change to a 14-day orbit

1003
00:38:14,150 --> 00:38:11,440
that's one of the beauties of the

1004
00:38:15,829 --> 00:38:14,160
flexibility we have in the design

1005
00:38:18,390 --> 00:38:15,839
we can do that at almost any time once

1006
00:38:20,870 --> 00:38:18,400
we decide we're ready to do it

1007
00:38:23,349 --> 00:38:20,880
again you would need to do it sometime

1008
00:38:25,349 --> 00:38:23,359
prior to the eclipse or have some way to

1009
00:38:27,109 --> 00:38:25,359
get through the eclipse if you did it

1010
00:38:29,190 --> 00:38:27,119
really late

1011
00:38:29,990 --> 00:38:29,200
but that that decision wouldn't happen

1012
00:38:31,190 --> 00:38:30,000
until

1013
00:38:32,630 --> 00:38:31,200
i mean you won't

1014
00:38:36,630 --> 00:38:32,640
get to that point where you have to make

1015
00:38:38,310 --> 00:38:36,640
that kind of a decision until 2019.

1016
00:38:42,230 --> 00:38:38,320
okay and here's a quick question from

1017
00:38:44,310 --> 00:38:42,240
alex telechev of ria novosti in russia

1018
00:38:46,150 --> 00:38:44,320
this question also for scott what do you

1019
00:38:48,550 --> 00:38:46,160
think at this point is the worst case

1020
00:38:55,510 --> 00:38:48,560
scenario

1021
00:38:59,510 --> 00:38:57,430
where science is still going to be

1022
00:39:01,510 --> 00:38:59,520
obtained in the exact same way that we

1023
00:39:02,790 --> 00:39:01,520
had planned the 53-day geometry is

1024
00:39:06,069 --> 00:39:02,800
pretty much the same the science

1025
00:39:09,109 --> 00:39:07,190
i get

1026
00:39:11,510 --> 00:39:09,119
there's a plus side we have more time to

1027
00:39:13,430 --> 00:39:11,520
analyze and interpret the science

1028
00:39:15,270 --> 00:39:13,440
and so you can dive in deeper to each

1029
00:39:19,030 --> 00:39:15,280
data set than you were going to be able

1030
00:39:21,990 --> 00:39:19,040
to but the bottom line is is i have to

1031
00:39:25,910 --> 00:39:22,000
to wait and i'm generally impatient and

1032
00:39:35,270 --> 00:39:27,109
okay

1033
00:39:39,829 --> 00:39:37,109
matt kaplan also from the planetary

1034
00:39:41,190 --> 00:39:39,839
society for candice orscott

1035
00:39:43,109 --> 00:39:41,200
with that remarkable image of the

1036
00:39:45,190 --> 00:39:43,119
cyclone on the terminator or for any

1037
00:39:47,109 --> 00:39:45,200
other reason are there new science

1038
00:39:51,990 --> 00:39:47,119
objectives for junocam that would

1039
00:39:55,910 --> 00:39:54,069
so we've always

1040
00:39:59,829 --> 00:39:55,920
thought that we would do some science

1041
00:40:02,069 --> 00:39:59,839
with junocam but because it's um

1042
00:40:03,430 --> 00:40:02,079
one of the main goals is to do the

1043
00:40:05,910 --> 00:40:03,440
outreach

1044
00:40:07,910 --> 00:40:05,920
what i have told my colleagues

1045
00:40:10,710 --> 00:40:07,920
is that if they want a picture of a

1046
00:40:12,870 --> 00:40:10,720
particular storm or belt or zone they

1047
00:40:14,150 --> 00:40:12,880
need to put a point of interest into our

1048
00:40:16,790 --> 00:40:14,160
database

1049
00:40:18,630 --> 00:40:16,800
they need to discuss why it's important

1050
00:40:21,829 --> 00:40:18,640
and then they have to round up the votes

1051
00:40:24,870 --> 00:40:21,839
when it comes time to vote

1052
00:40:26,470 --> 00:40:24,880
and be a part of the process and i think

1053
00:40:28,230 --> 00:40:26,480
that will add a

1054
00:40:30,309 --> 00:40:28,240
a very a lot of richness to the

1055
00:40:33,990 --> 00:40:30,319
conversation because we'll have

1056
00:40:37,589 --> 00:40:34,000
scientists advocating for their targets

1057
00:40:38,950 --> 00:40:37,599
in the midst of a public discussion

1058
00:40:40,550 --> 00:40:38,960
um

1059
00:40:42,950 --> 00:40:40,560
i think we're all gonna

1060
00:40:45,670 --> 00:40:42,960
have fun doing that

1061
00:40:47,109 --> 00:40:45,680
okay one last question

1062
00:40:51,349 --> 00:40:47,119
emily

1063
00:40:53,990 --> 00:40:51,359
know that your plans have now had to

1064
00:40:55,829 --> 00:40:54,000
change for imaging for um going through

1065
00:40:57,430 --> 00:40:55,839
the next apo jove and next pair joe can

1066
00:40:59,109 --> 00:40:57,440
you talk a little bit about how your uh

1067
00:41:00,870 --> 00:40:59,119
imaging plans have changed uh when's the

1068
00:41:02,710 --> 00:41:00,880
camera going to turn back on and when

1069
00:41:04,790 --> 00:41:02,720
can we start seeing rapid release of the

1070
00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:04,800
raw images

1071
00:41:08,470 --> 00:41:06,960
uh yeah i mean we thought we would have

1072
00:41:10,710 --> 00:41:08,480
some today

1073
00:41:12,470 --> 00:41:10,720
uh there is a piece of spacecraft data

1074
00:41:15,190 --> 00:41:12,480
that we have to wait for

1075
00:41:16,790 --> 00:41:15,200
uh to to complete the the raw the

1076
00:41:18,790 --> 00:41:16,800
initial processing

1077
00:41:20,390 --> 00:41:18,800
uh that has to do with the rotation rate

1078
00:41:23,750 --> 00:41:20,400
of the spacecraft so

1079
00:41:26,630 --> 00:41:23,760
that it is like two days so our plan on

1080
00:41:29,430 --> 00:41:26,640
every uh perijove is that as soon as we

1081
00:41:32,230 --> 00:41:29,440
get that spacecraft data we start

1082
00:41:34,309 --> 00:41:32,240
posting our images so there's no

1083
00:41:35,750 --> 00:41:34,319
holding back or validating or anything

1084
00:41:37,910 --> 00:41:35,760
like that they'll go right out as soon

1085
00:41:40,790 --> 00:41:37,920
as we have that last piece

1086
00:41:41,589 --> 00:41:40,800
um now obviously we won't have any going

1087
00:41:43,430 --> 00:41:41,599
out

1088
00:41:44,230 --> 00:41:43,440
it would would have been friday of this

1089
00:41:46,870 --> 00:41:44,240
week

1090
00:41:49,510 --> 00:41:46,880
um at the next pair of jove however

1091
00:41:51,829 --> 00:41:49,520
uh we we will

1092
00:41:53,829 --> 00:41:51,839
plan to take images

1093
00:41:55,990 --> 00:41:53,839
um one of the things that we learned

1094
00:41:59,670 --> 00:41:56,000
from the first perijove flyby is that

1095
00:42:02,390 --> 00:41:59,680
it's very important to get context

1096
00:42:05,270 --> 00:42:02,400
so we will take a series of images as

1097
00:42:07,670 --> 00:42:05,280
we're approaching the last 10 hours

1098
00:42:09,430 --> 00:42:07,680
and then we will do a series through the

1099
00:42:10,870 --> 00:42:09,440
pair joe pass

1100
00:42:14,870 --> 00:42:10,880
and then

1101
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:18,390
now we've been debating about putting

1102
00:42:24,230 --> 00:42:21,200
that out for a vote because we're not

1103
00:42:25,190 --> 00:42:24,240
really quite done with our our testing

1104
00:42:26,550 --> 00:42:25,200
um

1105
00:42:28,470 --> 00:42:26,560
because of some of the things that we

1106
00:42:29,430 --> 00:42:28,480
learned at perijove1 we want to try some

1107
00:42:31,510 --> 00:42:29,440
new things

1108
00:42:33,589 --> 00:42:31,520
the next time we image

1109
00:42:34,790 --> 00:42:33,599
but we probably will put maybe half the

1110
00:42:35,589 --> 00:42:34,800
data volume

1111
00:42:37,829 --> 00:42:35,599
uh

1112
00:42:40,390 --> 00:42:37,839
we'll allocate to be

1113
00:42:42,150 --> 00:42:40,400
chosen by vote and and reserve half for

1114
00:42:44,470 --> 00:42:42,160
testing but but that's not our plan

1115
00:42:46,309 --> 00:42:44,480
going forward our plan as soon as we've

1116
00:42:48,710 --> 00:42:46,319
figured out how to really get the best

1117
00:42:49,510 --> 00:42:48,720
out of these the camera settings

1118
00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:49,520
then

1119
00:42:54,309 --> 00:42:52,079
we will have it all by public debate and

1120
00:42:56,950 --> 00:42:54,319
voting

1121
00:42:59,430 --> 00:42:56,960
okay uh with that we'll conclude this

1122
00:43:01,589 --> 00:42:59,440
press conference we thank david shirts

1123
00:43:03,270 --> 00:43:01,599
scott bolton and candy hanson

1124
00:43:05,430 --> 00:43:03,280
for the wonderful presentations and

1125
00:43:07,510 --> 00:43:05,440
everyone else for being here uh please

1126
00:43:09,990 --> 00:43:07,520
join us tomorrow at

1127
00:43:11,670 --> 00:43:10,000
12 30 for the last press conference of

1128
00:43:14,150 --> 00:43:11,680
this meeting

1129
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we have a wide variety of interesting